What type of footing should be used when building on sloped land?

When constructing on sloped land, a step footing is typically the most suitable option. Step footings are designed to accommodate changes in elevation, which is essential when the foundation needs to follow the contour of the slope. The steps in the footing create a tiered effect that helps distribute the load and provides stability on uneven terrain, reducing the risk of settling or shifting that could occur if a continuous or spread footing were used.

In sloped conditions, the step footing adapts to the site's natural grade while maintaining a level and stable base for the building. This design is crucial for ensuring the durability and integrity of the structure over time, as it effectively manages soil pressure and resistance.

In contrast, continuous footings may not effectively manage the challenges presented by a slope since they are designed for uniform ground conditions. Pile footings could also potentially be used on slopes, but they are generally more complex and costly, typically reserved for scenarios where deep foundations are necessary. Spread footings, while useful for larger loads, also may struggle to handle varying elevations effectively compared to step footings. Therefore, for building on sloped land, step footings provide the best adaptation to the terrain.